1 malaysian legal system
a written law
-federal constitution
-state constitution
-legislation
-subsidiary legislation
b unwritten law
-english common law
-custom
-islamic law
-judicial precedent
3 statutory interpretatoin
-literal rule
-golden rule
-mischief rule
-ejusdem generis rule
4 hierarchy of the court system
5 judicial precedent
high court follwed by lower in hierarchy of court system
importance
1.help achieve certainly n uniformity
2.more practical-based on situation
3.flexibility
avoiding precedent
1.judge may avoiding follow ealier precedent if the case was decided [per incuriam]
2.lack of care
3.changing needs of society
ratio v obiter
ratio decidendi=legal reason
obiterdicta=opinion
operation of the doctrine in malaysia
1.english court=privy council,commonwealth country
2.malaysia court=federal court,court of appeal
6 human right
遁迹潜形的空间
2010年5月30日星期日
2010年5月29日星期六
f4 law~~~contract law~~countdown 8days
2 consideration
-- value given by 1 party to a contract in return for the promise
types of consideration
1.executory (k.murugesu v nadarajah)
2.executed(carlill v carbolic)
3.past consideration
-EXP
-nature love near relation(re tan soh sim)
-past voluntary
-compensate the person who do something which promisor is legally compellable to do
-statute-barred debt
not recoverable-lapse of time
enforce the debt must within 6 yrs
EXP s.26
fresh promise
writing n signed by debtor
the debt is revived n new period of limitation begins to run
==consederation need not b adequate but must b sufficient
phang swee kim v beh i hock--lower price than market value
==waiver of performance
less sum can discharge whole debt
-illustration(b) s.64 ca 1950
by 3rd party
-kerpa singh v bariam singh
agree sum in satisfaction
4 term of contract
express term
-specially agreed upon parties to a contract
-orally or writing or both
implied term
=read by court or legislators
classification of term (sales of goods act 1957)
-condition=stipulation essential
--associated metal smelter vtham cheow toh-
terminate or choose continue to a contract n treat it as a breach of warranty
-warranty=collateral
--can't terminate,don;t has right to reject
--can claim damage only
-intermedia=too complex
--hong kng fir shipping v kawasaki kisen kaisha
exclusion clause
-attempt to alter,limit,or absolutely exclude of liability
-GR:clear,unambiguous,exemption clause =valid
-playing cards v china navigation
--nt liable
--clear n effective
-EXP contra profenrentum rule=assist to weaker party
-wallis son v pratt &haynes
-negligence case
--hollier v rambler
negligence of employee
7 remedies for breach of contract
1.special performance(s.11 specific relief act 1950)
a,trust
b,pecuniary compensation can't afford-imovable
-movable
c,pecuniary compensation can't got
d,unable to ascertain actual
==EXP s.20specific relief act 1950,can't specific enforce
2.injuction(s.50 specific relief act 1950)
3.quantum meruit-as musc as he deserves,reasonable sum
4.damage-subtantial,nominal,exemplary
5.recission of contract-put an end
-- value given by 1 party to a contract in return for the promise
types of consideration
1.executory (k.murugesu v nadarajah)
2.executed(carlill v carbolic)
3.past consideration
-EXP
-nature love near relation(re tan soh sim)
-past voluntary
-compensate the person who do something which promisor is legally compellable to do
-statute-barred debt
not recoverable-lapse of time
enforce the debt must within 6 yrs
EXP s.26
fresh promise
writing n signed by debtor
the debt is revived n new period of limitation begins to run
==consederation need not b adequate but must b sufficient
phang swee kim v beh i hock--lower price than market value
==waiver of performance
less sum can discharge whole debt
-illustration(b) s.64 ca 1950
by 3rd party
-kerpa singh v bariam singh
agree sum in satisfaction
4 term of contract
express term
-specially agreed upon parties to a contract
-orally or writing or both
implied term
=read by court or legislators
classification of term (sales of goods act 1957)
-condition=stipulation essential
--associated metal smelter vtham cheow toh-
terminate or choose continue to a contract n treat it as a breach of warranty
-warranty=collateral
--can't terminate,don;t has right to reject
--can claim damage only
-intermedia=too complex
--hong kng fir shipping v kawasaki kisen kaisha
exclusion clause
-attempt to alter,limit,or absolutely exclude of liability
-GR:clear,unambiguous,exemption clause =valid
-playing cards v china navigation
--nt liable
--clear n effective
-EXP contra profenrentum rule=assist to weaker party
-wallis son v pratt &haynes
-negligence case
--hollier v rambler
negligence of employee
7 remedies for breach of contract
1.special performance(s.11 specific relief act 1950)
a,trust
b,pecuniary compensation can't afford-imovable
-movable
c,pecuniary compensation can't got
d,unable to ascertain actual
==EXP s.20specific relief act 1950,can't specific enforce
2.injuction(s.50 specific relief act 1950)
3.quantum meruit-as musc as he deserves,reasonable sum
4.damage-subtantial,nominal,exemplary
5.recission of contract-put an end
2009年12月24日星期四
写给那女孩——藏起眼泪。微笑
不是不想伤感，不是不想哭泣....
只是哭泣之后，
还得从新收拾满地的碎片。。。。
端庄形象再加上一脸的阳光灿烂，
没人知道她的狼狈。。。。
她看上去无比坚强，无比开朗，像个打不死的战士，
所有人都这么相信的，
无所畏惧的她。。。
只有她自己知道，
走进家门，扑在床上，
可眼泪还没流出，
远处又传来另一个声音，
只好无声的哭泣，
铲除心中的忧伤，
也许她需要的是心中的棉伏，
藏起她的眼泪，微笑着看着前方。。。。
2009年12月14日星期一
last christmas
又一次的圣诞，听着歌，思绪在拉扯中。。。。
曾几何时，
一位不速之客的到来，
让女孩变了
是位男孩。。。。
男孩不知从何得到这把钥匙
女孩心门的钥匙
女孩心里只住着家人，
根本容不下任何人。。。。
但，
不知为什么
男孩却能自由的进出
女孩想把他赶走，
可是
在不知不觉中，
女孩不想赶走男孩了
女孩愈来愈喜欢这种感觉，
喜欢在远远地望着
喜欢在远远地看着
喜欢在远远地陪着
男孩并没发现
女孩尝试去寻找男孩心门的那把钥匙。。。。
寻觅着
始终找不到
或许男孩已把它给了别人，
或许男孩根本没想过这些，
或许男孩有自己的原因，
或许男孩害怕改变，
还是根本不想，
女孩是这样想的
其实女孩只想知道
男孩心里有没有她的位置
男孩在女孩心中放了越来越多的忆
占具的空间愈变愈大。。。。
记得那年的圣诞
女孩在甲州的教堂前许的愿，
希望他能知道这一切，
不需言语表达，
但始终没实现
两年过去了，
又到了圣诞前夕
男孩的无心之言
女孩 的心
冷了
灰了
伤了
女孩决定说出来这个秘密
男孩也知道
男孩怕伤女孩的心
所以婉转地拒绝女孩
女孩还是不死心
是个倔强的女孩
女孩希望她的愿望能实现，
但这已是不可能的事了
女孩明白了
爱人是痛的
痛过才明白被爱的珍贵
在这最后的圣诞
女孩还是会等
但是最后一次了
在这24小时里
男孩真的不回应
就代表结束了
last christmas
如果等不到答案
女孩决定搬走男孩这几年留下的
把心加锁
不再让任何人进来。。。
因为这就代表男孩心里也不曾有过女孩的存在。。。。
2009年12月10日星期四
2009年12月4日星期五
订阅：
博文 (Atom)